F1 2014
The 2014 Formula One season Was The 65th season of the Formula One World Championship, a motor racing championship for Formula One cars, Recognised by the sport’s governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA), as the Highest class of competition for open-wheel racing cars. Started the season in Australia on 16 March and concluded in Abu Dhabi on 23 November. In the nineteen Grands Prix of the season, a total of eleven teams and twenty-four drivers competed for the World Drivers ‘and World Constructors’ Championships. Was it the first SINCE 1994 Formula One season to see an accident with ultimately fatal Consequences as Jules Bianchi he succumbed to the sustained Injuries During the 2014 Japanese Grand Prix. He died on 17 July 2015 after Spending nine months in a coma Following the accident. [1] [2] [3]
In 2014 the championship saw the introduction of a revised engine formula, in Which the 2.4 liter V8 engine configuration-Previously used between 2006 and 2013. Was Replaced with a new formula Specifying a 1.6 liter turbocharged V6 engine That incorporated an energy recovery system Into Its build. The 2014 calendar featured substantial Revisions from the 2013 season; the Russian Grand Prix (Held the first time in a century) Was Held at the Sochi Autodrom, and the Austrian Grand Prix Was Held revived with the race at the Red Bull Ring in Spielberg. The Indian Grand Prix Was put on hiatus, whilst the Korean Grand Prix Was entirely removed from the schedule.
Sebastian Vettel Started the season as defending World Drivers ‘Champion having secured bis fourth consecutive Drivers’ title the previous season at the 2013 Indian Grand Prix. His team, Infiniti Red Bull Racing, Also Started the season as defending World Constructors ‘Champion having secured Its fourth consecutive Constructors’ title last season at the Grand Prix in qual Same Its lead driver bis secured title.
Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton won bis second World Drivers ‘Championship with 384 points and 11 Victories Previously having won His first Drivers’ title in 2008 ahead of His team-mate, Nico Rosberg with 317 points and 5 Victories. Also Rosberg won the inaugural FIA Trophy Pole having amassed a total of 11 pole positions over the course of the season. Mercedes secured Their first World Constructors’ Championship in Russia, and finished the season with 701 points, 296 points ahead of Red Bull Racing. Also The season saw the first three wins of Daniel Ricciardo, WHO finished third in the championship for Red Bull Racing.
Cosworth Elected not to build an engine to fit the 2014 generation of Regulations. [65] This Decision prompted Marussia, the only team using Cosworth engines During the 2013 season, to Seek Supplier out a new engine. [66] They joined Ferrari’s customer programs with Ferrari Providing the team with Both engine and powertrain for 2014 and beyond. [31]
Scuderia Toro Rosso secured an agreement with Renault for engines in 2014 ending Their seven-year arrangement with Ferrari. [46]
Ways parted with Williams Renault after two seasons, switching to Mercedes power in what the team describedat as a “long-term deal”. [59] The deal came after Renault publicised Their Intentions to Reduce Their engine to supply three teams in 2014 [67] Before the French Manufacturer supplying ultimately settled on four. [25]
In 2011 Former British American Racing team principal Craig Pollock Announced the formation of Propulsion Universelle et Recuperation d’Energie-Commonly Known by Its acronym, PURE-and signalled His Intentions to enter the sport in 2014 as a customer engine Supplier, with the full support of the FIA. [68] Howevera, the engine programs Eventually Was suspended in July 2012 due to Problems regarding funding, [69] and ultimately Was Unable to secure any Clients for the 2014 season. [25]
Driver changes [edit]
Felipe Massa left Ferrari at the end of the 2013 season after eight years racing for the team. [70] He moved to Williams, Valtteri Bottas Alongside. [60] Pastor Maldonado, having been Replaced at Williams by Massa, moved to Lotus F1, taking the seat vacated by 2007 World Champion Kimi Räikkönen. [26] Returned Räikkönen to Ferrari, the team he raced for from 2007 to 2009. [16] The partnership of Räikkönen and Fernando Alonso Marked the first time Ferrari That SINCE 1954 contested a season with two World Drivers’ Champions in the team.
Mark Webber retired from Formula One after twelve seasons, the last seven with Red Bull Racing. He moved to the FIA World Endurance Championship. [71] Daniel Ricciardo Toro Rosso to Scuderia left immediately bis seat, [48]; becoming the second driver to graduate from the team’s young driver programs to developer’s premier racing team. [72] Toro Rosso chose in 2013 GP3 Series champion or champion Daniil Kvyat Ricciardo’s replacement. [73]
Sergio Pérez left McLaren after a single season with the team. [74] He Was Replaced by 2013 Formula Renault 3.5 champion and McLaren Young Driver Programme member Kevin Magnussen. [40] Pérez moved to Force India, [21] Where Was he joined by Nico Hülkenberg, WHO Returned to the team after one year with Sauber. [22] As a Result of the Pérez deals Hülkenberg and Paul di Resta and Adrian Sutil lost with the team of developer seats. Went on to secure Sutil Hülkenberg’s vacant seat at Sauber, [52] While di Resta left Formula One entirely and Returned to the DTM series, the series he competed in Formula One Prior to Joining. [75]
Kamui Kobayashi Returned to Formula One with Caterham, after spending the 2013 season competing in the World Endurance Championship. [7] Was he GP2 Series regular partnered with Marcus Ericsson, who became the first driver in Formula One Swedish SINCE Stefan Johansson retired from the sport in 1991. [7] The Decision left Both Giedo van der Garde and Charles Pic without a drive, and Both Went on to take Roles reserve driver with other teams; van der Garde joined Sauber, [76] While Pic moved to Lotus. [77]
Susie Wolff joined Williams as a test and reserve driver, with a participation in programs selected That Included Free Practice 1 sessions. In doing so, she became the first female driver to take part in a Grand Prix weekend SINCE Giovanna Amati failed to Qualify for the 1992 Brazilian Grand Prix
In the week Before the British Grand Prix, Announced That team Caterham owner Tony Fernandes hadd bis sold controlling stake in the team to a group of Swiss and Dubai-based Investors. Former Midland and Spyker driver Christijan Albers Was appointed as team principal, with the team declaring Its Intentions to continue competing under the Caterham name. [78] Albers Himself Was Replaced by Manfredi Ravetto, WHO admitted Was Necessary That the sale to keep the team on the grid. [79] Ravetto Was Replaced in turn, this time by Finbarr O’Connell, Who Was When The team appointed Into administration Was placed ahead of the United States Grand Prix due to a Dispute over the team’s ownership. [80] The team later Was Given a dispensation to miss the United States and Brazilian Grands Prix in order to Resolve the Dispute. [81]
Three-time 24 Hours of Le Mans winner and 2011 Formula Nippon (now Super Formula) bis champion André Lotterer made with Caterham Formula One debut, replacing Kamui Kobayashi at the Belgian Grand Prix. [10] Under the terms of the deal, Kobayashi Returned to the team for the Italian Grand Prix, the while Lotterer Returned to Super Formula. [9] The team further hadd Kobayashi Planned to substitute for Formula One’s Most Experienced driver in history, Rubens Barrichello, in the United States, Brazilian and Abu Dhabi Grands Prix, But Were Forced to Abandon the plan When They entered administration. [82] The team ultimately put together a rescue package ahead of the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, soft with Marcus Ericsson formally leaving the team ahead of a move to Sauber in 2015, Caterham debutant Will Stevens chose as replacement bis. [8]
Was Alexander Rossi entered for the Belgian Grand Prix by Marussia as a replacement for Max Chilton. [83] Howevera, Following the first practice session, Chilton Was reinstated as the team’s racing driver, and Rossi only participated in the practice session. [36] Rossi Was Nominated later as Jules Bianchi’s replacement for the Russian Grand Prix, [35] but the entry was ultimately withdrawn out of respect for the critically injured Bianchi. [84]
Jules Bianchi suffered a serious head the injury in a crash at the Japanese Grand Prix, Remaining hospitalised and in a coma Until His death in July 2015. [85] Marussia Decided to enter only one car in the Russian Grand Prix out of respect for the Frenchman. [84] Faced Problems with Their own financial, the team Granted Was Also a dispensation to miss the United States Grand Prix. [86] One Week Before the Grand Prix, Marussia Caterham Followed Into administration. [87] The team ultimately folded ahead of the Brazilian Grand Prix.
The 2014 season saw the introduction of a new engine formula, with turbocharged engines returning to the sport for the first time 1988. The new engines SINCE Were a 1.6 liter V6 format with an 8-speed semi-automatic gearbox. [105] The rules dictated the use of a ninety-degree bank engine, crankshaft and fixed with mounting points for the chassis, the engines Were the while limited to 15,000 rpm. Individual units under the 2014 engine specifications hadd to last for at Least 4,000 km (2,500 mi) Before being Replaced, in comparison to the pre-2014 engines, Which Were required to last for just 2,000 km (1,200 mi). [106] The engines, now known as “power units” Were Divided Into Separate six components: the Internal Combustion engine (ICE); turbocharger (TC); Kinetic Motor-Generator Unit (MGU-K), That Which Would Normally harvested energy wasted under oath Braking; Heat-Motor Generator Unit (MGU-H), Collected Which energy in the form of heat as EXPELLED Was it through the exhaust; Energy Store (ES), Which functioned as batteries, holding the energy gathered by the Motor Generator Unit; and Control Electronics (CE), Which Included the Electronic Control Unit and software used to manage the Entire power unit.
Under the previous generation of engines, used from 2006 to 2013 engines Were subject to a development “freeze” Which MANUFACTURERS prohibited from upgrading Their engines. Faced with the complexity of the 2014 engines, the engine freeze Was Replaced with a points-trading system to Prevent MANUFACTURERS from being Unable to Develop or Improve Their engines. Under the system, the individual parts of the engine Were classified as Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3, and Were there Assigned Within a points value. Engine MANUFACTURERS Were Given a budget of sixty-six points, Which They Were free to Spend on engine development, with points deducted from budget Their Developer Depending on the parts. [107]
The kinetic-energy recovery system from 2009 to 2013 known as KERS, and renamed from 2014 as ERS-K [108] -was incorporated Into the design of the engine and its usage increased; Its function as a supplementary power source Was Taken by the introduction of the heat-based energy recovery system (ERS). [109] [110] The ERS unit Waste heat captured or dispelled Was it from the exhaust turbocharger, using an electrical device known as a heat engine generator unit. Was this Waste heat stored as an electrical charge used by Until It Was a system called the kinetic Complementary motor generator unit. Was this device connected directly to the drive train to deliver the additional power in the Most direct and efficient way. [110] [111] In combination with the ERS-K Gave drivers an additional 161 bhp (120 kW) for thirty-three seconds per lap compared to the KERS units used Prior to 2014, Which Gave drivers 80 bhp (60 kW) for six seconds per lap . [106] This energy was released Into the powertrain by the electronic control unit (ECU) To promote the efficient and Most Effective application of the power, the driver soft hadd the Ability to manually override the ECU and use the Remaining power available instantly.
Teams Were Permitted to use electronic devices to manage the Braking Braking of the rear wheels as the increased power output from the ERS-K units Regulating the brake bias made much harder than hadd been Previously it. [108]
Were Teams no longer allowed to change gear ratios of developer from race to race to suit the individual Demands of a circuit. Instead, They HAD to nominate eight gear ratios ahead of the first race of the season, and eight ratios These Were used at Every Grand Prix. They Were Given Opportunity to one developer’s change once the season hadd ratios Started, But Would Have any subsequent changes of incurred a grid penalty. [112]
Lower noses Returned for the first time SINCE the 2008 season. The 2014 Regulations required the use of noses lower than in previous years, in the Interests of driver safety. The tip of the nose to the EU hadd no more than 185 mm (7.3 in) above the ground, [113] in comparison to the 550 mm (22 in) allowed in 2012. [114] Were These Regulations amended in June 2013 so as to Completely outlaw the use of the “stepped noses” used in 2012 and 2013, thereby forcing teams to design a car with a genuinely lower nose Rather than using the temporary solution. [115]
The original rules-first published in August 2011. Also called for a variety of bodywork Aimed at cutting downforce changes, most notably through the use of narrower front wings, and a shallower angle to the main plans of rear wings. These additional changes Were formally abandoned in December 2012, [116] but the requirement That oath cars built with a nose no more than 185mm above the ground Was retained. [117] The front wing Planned reduction in width from 1,800 mm (71 in) to 1,650 mm (65 in) Was subsequently reintroduced. [118]
Teams Were no longer Able to use a beam wing at the rear of the car, a small carbon fiber wing mounted above the diffuser Designed to Generate low pressure or air Passed over it, allowing tell Greater control over the air That Was being deliberately Directed over the diffuser. [119]
In order to Promote Fuel Efficiency and limit Horsepower levels seen in the 1980s, the last time Formula One used Forced induction engines, fuel flow Was restricted to 100 kg / h above 10,500 rpm; [110] below 10,500 rpm a formula for the maximum flow APPLIED Was based on the rpm in use. [120]
Following Daniel Ricciardo’s disqualification from the Australian Grand Prix for exceeding the fuel-flow limit, the FIA issued a Technical Directive Preventing teams from Making modifications to Their fuel sensors after an Investigation Into the problem found That compounds in the bespoke fuel used by Some teams Were corroding a rubber seal in the sensor, leading to anomalous readings. [121]
The position of the exhaust outlet changed so That It Was now angled upwards Toward the rear wing Instead of downwards to face the rear diffuser so as to make the practice of using exhaust blown diffusers-passing exhaust gasses over the rear diffuser to Improve the car’s downforce Difficult to Achieve -extremely. [106]
The minimum weight of the cars Was increased from 642 kg (1,415 lb) to 691 kg (1,523 lb) to account for the increased weight of the engine, energy recovery units, and 2014 specification of tires. [122]
In the week Following the British Grand Prix, the FIA Announced a total ban on the Front-and-Rear Interconnected suspension system (Commonly abbreviated as FRIC) starting with immediate effect on the grounds That It Was a movable aerodynamic device under Article 3:15 of the technical Regulations. [123] The FRIC system linked the front and rear suspension arrays together, using inertia to hydraulic fluid transfer across the car to offset the effects of weight transfer on the car under Braking, acceleration and cornering, thereby Creating a static ride height and Improving Stability.
The use of false Was banned camera mountings. Previously hadd Teams exploited a loophole in the Regulations say That allowed to add additional pieces of bodywork to the car in the place of camera mountings and take advantage of the aerodynamic Benefits. From 2014 Was closed this loophole, rewritten with the Regulations to Allow only camera mountings for cameras used to swear. [108] This rule Was updated later to force the teams to mount the cameras on an external piece of bodywork after Red Bull Fitted Its cameras Within the nose of the chassis RB10
